Ở bài thi IELTS Academic Writing Task 1: Process, bạn sẽ cần mô tả một hoặc vài hệ thống, hoặc quy trình sản xuất một sản phẩm hay dịch vụ nào đó, ví dụ như hệ thống thủy điện, quy trình sản xuất sách vở, quần áo, thực phẩm, v.v. Trong một số trường hợp (khá hiếm), bạn sẽ được yêu cầu mô tả vòng đời (life cycle) của một con vật, ví dụ như ong, bướm hay ếch, v.v.
Hướng dẫn chi tiết cách viết process
Ngữ pháp
1. Thì (tense)
– Dùng thì hiện tại đơn (simple present)
2. Giới từ (preposition)
Prepositions of Place/Location/ Direction
at, in, on, by, inside, outside, next to, under, over, across (from), above, below, beside, near, between, behind, among, to, toward, in, into, on, onto, from, v.v.
Ví dụ:
– The fruit is put into the cans.
– The cement is packaged in large bags.
3. Từ nối (transition) và Liên từ (conjunction)
Transition và Conjunction đều là những từ và cụm từ kết nối các ý tưởng với nhau. Conjunction là những từ nối hai cụm từ hoặc mệnh đề với nhau,và Transition là từ hoặc cụm từ chỉ mối quan hệ giữa hai câu hoặc đoạn văn với nhau.
Transition: in addition, additionally, moreover, furthermore, similarly, for example, for instance, another view is, v.v
Conjunction: and, but, or, so, v.v
Đối với dạng bài process, bạn nên sử dụng Sequence words để diễn tả thứ tự của sự kiện, hay quy trình.
Begin
- Firstly
- First
- First of all
- In the beginning
- To begin
Middle
- Then
- After that
- Following this
- After that
- Also
- Next
- Moreover
- In addition
- Second
- Third
- Secondly
- Thirdly
- After
- Before
- Furthermore
End
- Finally
- Lastly
- At the end
Ví dụ:
– At the first stage in the production of chocolate, …
– Then, the fruit is stored at a very low temperature in 3 days.
– The final step involves labelling the bottles …
4. Các cấu trúc ngữ pháp khác
– Câu bị động (Passive voice)
– Mệnh đề quan hệ (Relative clause)
– as soon as
– before / after + being + V3/ed = prior to + being + V3/ed
Ví dụ:
– The cans are labelled and stocked in the storage.
– Clay (which/that is) used to make the bricks is dug up from the ground.
– The fruit is cut into pieces as soon as they arrive.
– After being mixed with water, the dough is put into the fridge for at least 15 minutes.
Từ vựng
Một số từ thường được sử dụng trong dạng bài process bao gồm:
- Be collected / harvested / picked
- Be cleaned
- Be sorted / classified
- Be separated / divided
- Be transported / transferred
- Be sold
- Be labelled
- Be packaged / packed
- Be wrapped
- Be filled in
- Be built / made / produced / manufactured
- Be turned into / transformed into / converted into
- Be shaped
- Be weighed
- Be filtered
- Be sterilized
- Be pasteurized
- Be homogenized
- Be centrifuged
- Be crushed / masked / grinded / ground / pressed
- Be removed
- Be stored
- Be cooled
- Be preserved
- Be thawed
- Be frozen
- Be melted
- Be heated
- Be spread
- Be strained / drained
- Be mixed
- Be served
- Be sliced
- Be added
- Be stirred
- Be pinched
- Be poured
- Be simmered
- Be peeled
- Be cored
- Be squeezed
- Be roasted
- Be dried
- Be fermented
Ví dụ:
– The fish is transported by truck to the factory.
– All three materials are blended together in a concrete mixer.
Bố cục
Bố cục bài viết gồm 4 phần: Introduction, Overview, Main body 1 và Main body 2.
1. Introduction
Bạn cần paraphrase lại đề bài, trong đó có sử dụng các từ, cụm từ đồng nghĩa (synonym)
Bài có 1 process:The diagram / flow chart illustrates the stages of making / explains they way in which … are made … for the food / drink / building / dairy / household appliances / stationery / … industry OR of … production / manufacture.
Ví dụ: The diagram illustrates the way in which bricks are made for the construction industry.
Bài có 2 process:The first flow chart illustrates the process of … production / manufacture, and the second diagram shows steps in the process of making…
Ví dụ: The first diagram illustrates the process of making chocolate, and the second flow chart shows the steps in the production of chocolate cakes.
2. Overview
Bài có 1 process: Viết 1-2 câu. Trong đó, câu 1 nói về số bước/giai đoạn trong quy trình. Câu 2 đề cập đến việc quy trình bắt đầu bởi bước nào và kết thúc tại giai đoạn nào.
Ví dụ:
It is noticeable that/ It is clear that/ It can be seen that/ … there are … steps in the production of…. The process begins with …, and ends at the … stage. OR At the first step,… and at the …
Bài có 2 process: Viết 1-2 câu. Trong đó, câu 1 nói về số bước/giai đoạn trong quy trình đầu tiên. Câu 2 đề cập đến số bước/giai đoạn trong quy trình còn lại.
Ví dụ:
It is noticeable that/ It is clear that/ It can be seen that/ … the first manufacturing process consists of…distinct stage. The second process requires… steps to complete its production.
3. Main body 1
Bài có 1 process: Dùng 3-4 câu để mô tả chi tiết về 1/2 bước đầu của quy trình.
Bài có 2 process: Dùng 3-4 câu để mô tả chi tiết về quy trình đầu tiên.
Ví dụ:
At the beginning of the process,… After that,… Next,… Then,…
4. Main body 2
Bài có 1 process: Dùng 3-4 câu để mô tả chi tiết về 1/2 bước còn lại của quy trình.
Ví dụ:
At the fifth, …ninth stage of the process,…
Bài có 2 process: Dùng 3-4 câu để mô tả chi tiết về quy trình còn lại.
Ví dụ:
The second process begins with…
Lưu ý
Bạn có thể cung cấp thêm thông tin (hợp lý) về mục đích của từng bước trong quy trình, sử dụng một số cấu trúc như sau:
- to / in order to + Vo
Ví dụ: Bees leave the hive in order to search for flowers. OR The fruit is washed carefully to get rid of extra impurities.
- so that
Ví dụ: The milk bottles are sterilized so that they are better preserved.
Tìm hiểu thêm về Cấu trúc phần thi Viết (IELTS Academic) tại đây
Tìm hiểu thêm về Cách làm bài thi IELTS Academic Writing Task 1: Map tại đây
Một số bài viết gợi ý
Đề 1
The diagram shows the process by which bricks are manufactured for the building industry.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.
Bài tham khảo
The diagram highlights the steps involved in the production of bricks.
It is clear that there are seven stages in the process of making bricks, beginning with digging clay and ending with sending the packed products to stores to be sold.
After the clay is dug from the ground, it is put on a metal grid to be filtered and passed onto a roller. Then, sand and water are added to form a mixture, which is used to make the raw shape of the bricks either with a mould or a wire cutter. The next stage involves placing the bricks in a drying oven for one to two days.
In the next part of the process, dried bricks are transferred to the first kiln to be heated at a moderate temperature, from 200 to 960 degree Celsius before going through the second kiln, whose temperature is higher, from 870 to 1300 degree Celsius. Following this, they spend two to three days in a cooling chamber. Once they have cooled down, bricks are packaged and delivered to the construction sites.
(179 words) – Ms. Uyên
Đề 2
The diagrams below shows the stages and equipment used in the cement-making process, and how cement is used to produce concrete for building purposes.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.
Bài mẫu
The first diagram illustrates the process of cement manufacture, and the second diagram shows the materials that go into the production of concrete.
It is clear that there are five stages in the production of cement, beginning with the input of raw materials and ending with bags of the finished product. To produce concrete, four different materials are mixed together.
At the first stage in the production of cement, limestone and clay are crushed to form a powder. This powder is then mixed before it passes into a rotating heater. After heating, the resulting mixture is ground, and cement is produced. Finally, the cement is packaged in large bags.
Cement is one of the four raw materials that are used in the production of concrete, along with gravel, sand and water. To be exact, concrete consists of 50% gravel, 25% sand, 15% cement and 10% water. All four materials are blended together in a rotating machine called a concrete mixer.
(160 words, band 9) – Nguồn
Bài tham khảo
The first diagram highlights the production of cement and the second diagram illustrates the materials that are used to make concrete.
It is clear that there are five steps in the process of cement manufacture, beginning with crushing and mixing raw materials and ending with packing the finished products. In the concrete manufacturing process, four materials are blended together.
After limestone and clay are crushed into powder, they are mixed together and then passed into a rotating heater. Then, the mixture is poured onto a roller before it is ground to form cement. In the final stage, cement is packed in large bags.
Following this, sacks of cement are delivered to construction sites where they are used to produce concrete. In the concrete-making process, cement, water, sand and gravel are incorporated in a concrete mixer with the proportion of 15%, 10%, 25% and 50% respectively. The final product is then used to build several individual and commercial buildings.
(158 words) – Ms. Uyên
Một số mẫu đề thi tham khảo
Đề 1
The diagram below shows the process for recycling plastic bottles.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
Đề 2
The diagram below show the life cycle of a species of large fish called the salmon.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
Chúc các bạn thành công!
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Tìm hiểu thêm về các khóa học của ECHO tại đây:
– IELTS Foundation
– IELTS Beginner
– IELTS Intensive
– English Pronunciation
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