Trong bài thi IELTS Academic Writing Task 1: Map, bạn sẽ được cung cấp hình ảnh của hai bản đồ mô tả cùng một không gian, nhưng tại hai thời điểm khác nhau, bạn sẽ cần so sánh và mô tả sự thay đổi/khác biệt giữa hai bản đồ này.
Hướng dẫn chi tiết cách viết map
Ngữ pháp
1. Thì (tense)
– Dùng thì quá khứ đơn và quá khứ hoàn thành, nếu cả 2 bản đồ đều mô tả hình ảnh trong quá khứ.
– Dùng thì quá khứ đơn và hiện tại hoàn thành, nếu có 1 bản đồ mô tả hình ảnh trong quá khứ và 1 bản đồ mô tả hình ảnh hiện tại.
– Dùng thì hiện tại đơn và tương lai đơn, nếu cả 2 bản đồ đều mô tả hình ảnh trong quá khứ. (ít gặp)
– Dùng thì hiện tại đơn, nếu chỉ có 1 bản đồ mô tả hình ảnh ở hiện tại. (hiếm gặp)
2. Giới từ (preposition)
a. Prepositions of Time
at, after, before, by, from, on, in, to, between, until, during, since, within, for, v.v.
Ví dụ:
– The maps illustrate the development of a resort called Marina during the twenty-year period, from 1990 to 2010.
– In 1992, there were several buildings …
– By 2010, a new swimming pool was built …
– After the construction of new facilities …
b. Prepositions of Place/Location/ Direction
at, in, on, by, inside, outside, next to, under, over, across (from), above, below, beside, near, between, behind, among, to, toward, in, into, on, onto, from, v.v.
- in the North / in the South / in the West / in the East
- at the North corner / at the South corner
- to the north of / to the south of / to the west of / to the east of
- north-west / south-west / south-east / north-east
- on the south coast of the island
- in the southern area / part of the map
Ví dụ:
– A residential area was constructed to the south of the airport.
– New hotels were built at the south-west corner of the town.
– A new school was built next to the park.
– The cycle path by the main road was expanded.
– The shopping mall across from the bank was demolished.
3. Từ nối (transition) và Liên từ (conjunction)
Transition và Conjunction đều là những từ và cụm từ kết nối các ý tưởng với nhau. Conjunction là những từ nối hai cụm từ hoặc mệnh đề với nhau,và Transition là từ hoặc cụm từ chỉ mối quan hệ giữa hai câu hoặc đoạn văn với nhau.
Transition: in addition, additionally, moreover, furthermore, similarly, for example, for instance, another view is, v.v
Conjunction: and, but, or, so, v.v
Ví dụ:
– The trees were cut down and a new skyscraper was constructed.
– The hospital was kept the same, but the trees were cut down for the construction of a new skyscraper. In addition, the shops in the north of the town were replaced by a new airport.
4. Các cấu trúc ngữ pháp khác
– Câu bị động (Passive voice)
– Mệnh đề quan hệ (Relative clause)
– There is/ There are/ There was/ There were
Ví dụ:
– The park will be reduced in size.
– The tennis courts located at the center of the park were reconstructed.
– There was previously a pond to the south of the village.
Từ vựng
Build:
– Be built / be established / be constructed / be reconstructed / be introduced / be erected
Add:
– Be added / be installed / be invested / be opened / be set up
Trees / Forest:
– Be cut down / be chopped down / be cleared / be planted / be grown
Remove:
– Be removed / be knocked down / be pulled down / be torn down
– Be no longer present
– The depletion of …
Connection:
– Be connected / be merged
Destroy:
– Be destroyed / be demolished
Expand:
– Be expanded / be extended / be enlarged / be made bigger /be developed
Size:
– To become smaller in size
– Be reduced in size / scale
Unchanged:
– To remain unchanged
– Be unchanged / be kept the same
Change:
– Be replaced by / Be converted into / Be transformed into / Be turned into / Be made into / Be redeveloped into
– Be modernized / Be renovated
Others:
– To be extended towards the…
– Be exploited / be upgraded / be innovated / be separated
Ví dụ:
– The old warehouses were renovated and the parking lot was replaced with new tennis courts.
– The shops along the north side of the new pedestrian street will remain unchanged.
– The school will be demolished to make way for a bus station, a shopping center and a car park.
Bố cục
Bố cục bài viết gồm 4 phần: Introduction, Overview, Main body 1 và Main body 2.
1. Introduction
Bạn cần paraphrase lại đề bài, trong đó có sử dụng các từ, cụm từ đồng nghĩa (synonym)
Past – Present: The map(s) illustrate(s) the development of … from … to…/ between… and…
Ví dụ: The maps illustrate the development of London from 1990 to 2020.
Present – Future: The map(s) illustrate(s) some proposed changes to … of … from … to…/ between… and…
Ví dụ: The map illustrates some proposed changes to the central area of London from 1990 to 2020.
2. Overview
Viết 1-2 câu mô tả những thay đổi nổi bật nhất của bản đồ hoặc mô tả chung về bản đồ.
Ví dụ:
It is noticeable that/ It is clear that/ It can be seen that/ The most noteworthy change is that …
- (became/ has become / will become a much more industrial/ technological/ professional/ agricultural/ residential/ educational/ … area with more infrastructure.)
- (the principal change to the town will be the construction of…)
- (there were three changes made in the…These involved …)
- (three main modifications were made to the… The changes included…)
From 1990 to 2010, the … saw spectacular developments / changed considerably / was totally transformed / witnessed dramatic changes / …
3. Main body 1
Dùng 3-4 câu để mô tả chi tiết về sự khác biệt giữa các bản đồ, tập trung vào khu vực Tây Bắc (North West) đến Tây Nam (South West).
4. Main body 2
Dùng 3-4 câu để mô tả chi tiết về sự khác biệt giữa các bản đồ, tập trung vào khu vực Đông Bắc (North East) đến Đông Nam (South East).
Lưu ý
Thông thường, nếu đề bài không thể hiện phương hướng cụ thể, bạn có thể hiểu phía trên là hướng Bắc, phía dưới là hướng Nam, phía bên tay phải là hướng Đông và phía bên tay trái là hướng Tây.
Tìm hiểu thêm về Cấu trúc phần thi Viết (IELTS Academic) tại đây
Một số bài viết gợi ý
Đề 1
The two maps show an island, before and after construction of some tourist facilities in 2000.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.
Bài mẫu
The diagrams illustrate some changes to a small island which has been developed for tourism.
It is clear that the island has changed considerably with the introduction of tourism, and six new features can be seen in the second diagram. The main developments are that the island is accessible and visitors have somewhere to stay.
Looking at the maps in more detail, we can see that small huts have been built to accommodate visitors to the island. The other physical structures that have been added are a reception building, in the middle of the island, and a restaurant to the north of the reception. Before these developments, the island was completely bare apart from a few trees.
As well as the buildings mentioned above, the new facilities on the island include a pier, where boats can dock. There is also a short road linking the pier with the reception and restaurant, and footpaths connect the huts. Finally, there is a designated swimming area for tourists off a beach on the western tip of the island.
(175 words, band 9) – Nguồn
Bài tham khảo
The maps illustrate the changes of an island after the construction of some tourist facilities.
It is clear that after the renovation, many new tourist amenities were established, including the pier, the restaurant, the reception area & accommodations.
Looking at the map in more detail, the island was deserted before the developments with only a few trees. However, after the introduction of new infrastructure, the attraction of the island increased, especially with the construction of the pier for boating, which made the island more accessible. Another main feature we can see is that the reception area was added, in the middle of the island, to the south of the restaurant. Small huts were built to accommodate tourists during their visit.
Beside the buildings, footpaths and roads for commuting were developed, connecting the tourism facilities with residential areas. Finally, on the western tip of the island, a swimming zone was established off the beach.
(152 words) – Ms. Uyên
Đề 2
The map shows proposed plans for the development of the old college campus to be completed by 2050.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.
Bài tham khảo
The map illustrates some proposed changes to a run-down college campus.
It is clear that the principal change to the campus will be the construction of six other facilities at both sides of the Thames river, which will be connected by a pedestrian bridge.
Looking at the map as it is now, we can see that all buildings are located on the side next to the main road, including the main college building, the car park and a few changing rooms. However, it appears that the plan involves the expansion of the main building, accompanied by the addition of the lecture halls. In addition, the car park will be reduced in size to make space for a sports center.
Furthermore, offices for all faculties and a library where students can find academic resources will be established to the north of the campus, behind the current changing rooms. Notably, in 2050, we will be able to walk across the river to visit the Student Union and there will be the Hall of Residence to provide accommodation for the students studying here.
(180 words) – Ms. Uyên
Một số mẫu đề thi tham khảo
Đề 1
The plans below show the site of an airport now and how it will look after redevelopment next year.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
Đề 2
The maps below show a science park in 2008 and the same park today.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
Chúc các bạn thành công!
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